He says the intuition of being is not only, like the reality of the world and of things, the absolutely primary foundation of philosophy. Kripke suggests 63 an ontol ogy of fictional entities, abstracta brought into existence by the activities of people. This article appeared in philosophical topics 281 spring 200. Speakers reference and semantic reference saul kripke 1 am going to discuss some issues inspired by a wellknown paper of keith donnellan, reference and definite descriptions, but the interestto meof the contrast. Kripke reference and existence free download pdf kupdf. This paper makes an intervention into the debate between descriptivist and causal theories of referencefixing by arguing that the two arent necessarily exclusive. Leibniz and the ontological argument rutgers university. Reference and existence the john locke lectures for 1973. I do stand by the principal theses of my work, and the pressure for much revision is not intense. Consider a sentence of the form, if the f exists, then the f. Reference and existence, saul kripkes john locke lectures for 1973, can be read as a sequel to his classic naming and necessity. On naming, criticism of kripkes baptismcumchain and of his ignorance and error argument two classes 7. That identity statements between what we call names in actual language are necessary.
For a second illustration, consider a footnote in that very work, in. After explaining how i understand the relevant concepts in the first section, ill critically take up petrs arguments in the second. Fiction fictional reference reference rigid designators. Criticism of kripke on kind terms and on the necessary a posteriori 8.
Writing is but a reflection of the scattered manner of my thinking. Kripkes 1980 rigidity data, or his godelschmidt thought experiment for his semantic argument are good examples. There are contexts, however, in which it is literally true to say that hamlet exists. One can formulate a theory of referencefixing which closely mimics kripkes causal theory but which frames the relation between speakers in terms of descriptions rather than. Mental files and identity francois recanati institut jeannicod 1.
I show that his argument is invalid, analyze the confusion it involves, and explain why the view that. Kripke reference and existence contents lecture i 3. The fictional character can be regarded as an abstract entity which exists in virtue of the activities of human beings, in the same way that nations are abstract 1 kripke 2011, p. Request pdf on jul 1, 2014, jonathan mckeowngreen and others published reference and existence. Please click button to get kripke names necessity and identity book now. This article appeared in philosophical topics 281 spring. Ontological argument of gods existence is such a subject. Notice that in this system 3 xn 3yy x is not merely consistent it is valid. It confronts important issues left open in that work among them, the semantics of proper names and natural kind terms as they occur in fiction and in myth.
Naming and necessity is a 1980 book with the transcript of three lectures, given by the. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Todds quip absurdly implies he knew that 30 carats is the. Review of philosophical troubles by saul kripke graeme forbes aug 27, 2014 given that description theories of names are incorrect and that a fictional term cant be assigned a unique merely possible denotation 59. The possible existence of fictional characters, fictional character names 9. They also worked together on another book, reference and existence, which is. However, it soon became clear, based on the role that the terms argument and existence play in the argument itself, which it could. Pdf on jun, 20, p e batra and others published reference find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Question about kripkes rigid designators im a little confused when it comes to kripkes rigid designators, any help from people who are more knowledgeable on this would be great. Critical reflections on kripkean themes hanoch benyami. Kripke, speaker reference and semantic reference 1 kripke says that his conclusions about donnellans criticism of russell will be methodological, not substantive. The language revolution fall 2015 hamilton college russell marcus course bibliography.
Benyamis recent critique in semantics of kind terms. In lectures later published as naming and necessity, kripke provided a rough outline of his causal theory of reference for names. It follows that le verrier could know that 3 was true, 3 if a unique planet is the perturber, it is neptune. The proof given here is similar to that given by martin and woodruff. Direct reference and vague identity in 1957, reporters asked maverick producer mike todd why he bought a huge 29carat engagement ring for elizabeth taylor. Deontic logic introduction and application in computer science. In the 1960s and 1970s keith donnellan, david kaplan, saul kripke and hilary putnam initiated a revolution in the then standard conception of reference a concept at the core of philosophical inquiry. Pdf on dec 1, 20, cesar schirmer dos santos and others published reference and. Romina has worked with saul kripke on a number of projects.
Descriptivism, pretense, and the fregerussell problems. One is the problem of empty names, typical examples of which are. The most influential fully developed argument for such realism about fictional entities is van inwagens 1977 quinean appeal to noneliminable quantification over, and reference to. Kripke thinks they are abstract things that actually exist and can be talked about. Reference and existence, saul kripke s john locke lectures for 1973, can be read as a sequel to his classic naming and necessity. Reidel, 1988, pp524, which was a substantial revision of a reason for doubting the existence of consciousness, in consciousness and selfregulation, vol. Bishop department of philosophy, northern illinois university, dekalb, illinois, usa abstract scienti. Kripke suggests that le verrier might have introduced the name neptune through an act of descriptive stipulative reference fixing as the planet responsible for the observed perturbations in uranus orbit. One can more easily see what is going on here by noting that the con trapositive of 5 for k is 6 ifna holds at w then a is kvalid. Itll be clunky and ill run into thoughts haphazardly as they come to me. You are expected to print these out and bring them to class. It anticipates many celebrated advances in metaphysics that took place in the years since the lectures were delivered. Kripkes theory of truth an elementary, but again reasonably rigorous, exposition of a kripkestyle theory of truth for the language of arithmetic, together with a proof of its consistency. Timothy williamson, blurb praise for kripkes reference and existence.
Kripke clarifies philosophical puzzles about existence, reference, and necessityand advances solutions to thembetter than any other living philosopher, in my opinion. Kripke does a brief summation again, claiming to have made two hits on the descriptivist account. An optional book is william lycans philosophy of language. The fictional character can be regarded as an abstract entity which exists in virtue of the activities of human beings, in the same way that nations are abstract 1. But i like these two accounts because they make clear the shift from an armchair theory of how reference ought to work, to taking a good look at how we use them. This is then contrasted by the direct reference theory of names as argued for by kripke, before concluding the descriptive view is unacceptable as a theory of meaning. I had thought here were more i should go back and have another look. The considerations i have in mind have to do with the existence of improper. Quine anticipated this approach in reference and modality over 20 years before it was fully developed by kripke, and dismissed it outright. Saul kripke s locke lectures were delivered in oxford in 1973. Kripke claims that i and ii are selfevident theses of philosophical logic independent of natural language.
Leibniz and the ontological argument 109 the requirement that for each w, fw d. I mean that properties in this sense are not used at all. In existence and the existent maritain says that an intuition of being makes the philosopher. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. As kripke points out, it is an important strength for the classical picture of naming that it has a story to tell about this. The epistemic argument 8687 there is another powerful argument against the description theory, on which kripke touches only brie. The philosophy of fiction 20178 university of edinburgh. Fall 2009, phil v3601 metaphysics 310 fayerweather. It is nowadays widely accepted that this problem originated in the 11 th century in the field of theology. It has become standard to invoke the metaphor of mental files or dossiers, initially. Kripke 1980 argued that a proper account of metatextual uses requires interpreting names such as leopold bloom in them as referring to fictional entities.
As an alternative, kripke adumbrated a causal theory of reference, according to. In such cases, we adopt a pretense of referring to a real individual. Week 9 irrealism about fictional characters primary reading r. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Identifying the two, he supposes that both are given by definite descriptions naming and necessity, p. For present purposes, well focus on twokinds of experiments. While the entity referred to exists, its existence is a function of the activities and practices of concrete individuals and has no reality. This volume is a publication of the lectures in book form for the fi rst time. Background reading stacie friend, 2007, fictional characters, philosophy compass 2.
If you have any aspiration to become an academic philosopher at some major university, you must not overlook professor kripkes works. Explain, using one or two of kripkes arguments as an illustration. Marcus, donnellan, kripke, and kaplan argued in their turn that singular terms. Second, ive argued, even if in some special cases, notably. This course will introduce and examine a number of philosophical issues raised by fiction, covering topics at the intersection of aesthetics and epistemology, metaphysics, and the philosophies of language and mind. In the past twenty years, issues about the relationship between perception and thought have largely been framed in terms of the question of whether the contents of perception are nonconceptual. Naming and necessity obviously, aside from such amplification in the preface, there are passages in the monograph other than just footnote 56 that i might modify. An individual user may print out a pdf of a single chapter of a monograph in oso for personal use.
A team of leading experts presents new essays on the muchdebated problem of empty reference and thought. But he neglects its essentially firstperson character, making it an argument. Although he refused to explicitly endorse such a theory, he indicated that such an approach was far more promising than the thenpopular descriptive theory of names introduced by russell, according to which names are in fact. When these lectures naming and necessity were first published. Sainsbury, 2010, fiction and fictionalism, routledge, chapter 6. Fall 2009, phil v3601 metaphysics 310 fayerweather, mw 1. So, from my understanding, it seems kripke holds the idea that scientific investigation into the nature of water led us to figure out its structural property, that. I then look at how a presentist might employ a descriptive theory for the meaning of names to avoid apparently committing themselves to the existence of nonpresent individuals. One required book is saul kripkes naming and necessity. This is even more controversial than kripkes modal metaphysics for proper names, see e.
But once it too is rejected, it is difficult to make any sense of what the positive proposal is. This reader, therefore, couldnt help feeling disappointed at the conclusion to this otherwise tremendous work. Introduction a rational subject, s, may take different and possibly conflicting attitudes towards the judgment that a given individual is f for example, she may reject it as false or accept it as true depending on how that individual is presented. Kripke himself explicitly disavows this sort of reconstruction of his proposal 156157. According to the classical view, we associate descriptions with names, and the references of. Jan 17, 2018 originally appeared in perspectives in mind. There are, for example, famous sceptical arguments that seem to show that semantic notions such as reference cannot be reduced to physically acceptable ones see quine 1960, ch. Kripke names necessity and identity download ebook pdfepub. Todd answered thirty carats would have been vulgar. The john locke lectures kindle edition by kripke, saul a.
So, let us suppose that at least one half of prevailing views about naming is true, that the reference is fixed by descriptions. Kripkes sense even if transferred from everyday communication to literary texts op. As there are no textbook for this course, most readings will be made available on oak as pdf files. The name has been passed to him by tradition from link to link. But he neglects its essentially firstperson character, making it. Kripkes reference and existence is the topic of this text. Hanoch benyami department of philosophy, ceu budapest in naming and necessity kripke argued against the possible existence of. Saul kripke has tried to reinstate descartes argument for his dualism. A seemingly powerful objection to this view invokes fictional reference. Saul kripke, 20, reference and existence, oxford university press. For example, if we discuss whether aristotle could have. Kripkes reference and existence and the ontology of. Indeed, rather fundamental dilculties arise if we think that the reference of a name is determined by descriptions. Saul kripkes naming and necessity is widely acknowledged as one of the most important works of twentieth century philosophy.